2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告翻译

关于2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告
Report on the Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2015 and on the Central and Local Draft Budgets for 2016
——2016年3月5日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上
– Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress on March 5, 2016
财政部
Ministry of Finance
　　各位代表：
　　Fellow Deputies,
　　受国务院委托，现将2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案提请十二届全国人大四次会议审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
　　The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the execution of the central and local budgets for 2015 and on the drafts of the central and local budgets for 2016 to the fourth session of the Twelfth National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
　　一、2015年中央和地方预算执行情况
　　I. Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 2015
　　2015年，面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，党中央、国务院团结带领全国各族人民，牢牢把握经济社会发展主动权，主动适应经济发展新常态，妥善应对各种重大风险挑战，经济保持中高速增长，经济结构优化，改革开放向纵深迈进，民生持续改善，社会大局总体稳定。中央和地方预算执行情况较好。
　　In the face of a complex international environment and the formidable tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability in 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council have brought together and led all of the people of China in taking an active approach to economic and social development, adapting to the new normal in economic growth, and responding appropriately to all major risks and challenges. As a result, the economy has maintained a medium-high rate of growth, the economic structure has improved, reform has been deepened, opening up has been promoted, further improvements have been made to the people’s quality of life, and social stability was ensured. Both the central and local government budgets were executed satisfactorily last year.
　　（一）落实全国人大预算决议情况。
　　1. Implementation of the NPC’s budget resolution
　　按照十二届全国人大三次会议有关决议，以及全国人大财政经济委员会的审查意见，创新完善财政宏观调控，稳步推进财税体制改革，努力促进经济社会持续健康发展。
　　In accordance with the resolution of the third session of the Twelfth NPC on the report on both the execution of the central and local budgets for 2014 and the central and local draft budgets for 2015 as well as the review of that report by the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Commission, we have developed new ways to improve macro regulation through fiscal policy, made steady progress in the reform of fiscal and tax systems, and worked hard to bring about sustained, healthy economic and social development.
　　积极推进财税法治建设。增强各级政府和部门、单位的预算法治意识，将预算法各项要求落到实处。加强预算法配套制度建设，预算法实施条例修订草案已向社会公开征求意见，出台中央对地方专项转移支付管理办法，修订一般性转移支付管理办法等制度。配合全国人大有关部门在立法法中进一步明确税收法定原则，制定了贯彻落实税收法定原则的实施意见。积极配合做好环境保护税等立法工作。
　　Rule of law has been strengthened throughout fiscal and tax work.
　　We made efforts to ensure that governments at all levels, departments, and organizations improved their rule of law awareness as they put into effect all of the requirements laid down in the Budget Law. We strengthened the development of the Budget Law’s complementary institutions, soliciting comments from the general public on the draft revisions to the Implementation Regulations of the Budget Law, launching management regulations for special transfer payments from the central government to local governments, and revising management regulations for general transfer payments and other rules and regulations. We collaborated with the relevant NPC department on further clarifying the principle of law-based taxation in the Legislation Law, and drew up guidelines for implementing this principle. We also actively assisted legislative work, such as the preparations for enacting an environmental protection tax.
　　全面树立预算的权威性和严肃性。坚持先有预算、后有支出，硬化预算约束。进一步细化预算编制，压缩代编预算规模，及时批复部门预算。加快支出预算指标分解下达工作节奏，加大对部门组织实施项目的督查力度，预算执行进度明显加快。完善预算监管体系，将预算评审实质性嵌入预算管理流程。出台中央对地方专项转移支付绩效目标管理暂行办法等制度。中央部门绩效评价项目数量和金额分别增长26.3%、27%，评价结果与2016年预算安排挂钩。扩大纳入全国人大审查预决算的部门范围，首次公开分地区、分项目专项转移支付预算。开展地方财政预决算公开情况专项检查，增强地方财政透明度。
　　Budgetary work has been made more authoritative and consequential in all aspects.
　　We have tightened budgetary constraints and made sure that all expenditures are based on budgets. We further increased the detail of budget itemization, scaled down the amount of tentative budgets prepared by the Ministry of Finance for other governments offices or programs, and examined and approved departmental budgets in a timely fashion. We accelerated the work to break down and disseminate budgetary expenditure targets and intensified inspections of programs implemented by central government departments, therein achieving noticeably faster budget execution. We improved the regulatory system for budgets and made budget assessment an essential part of the budgetary management procedures. We introduced regulations such as the provisional regulations for performance target management of special transfer payments from the central government to local governments. The number and yuan value of central government department programs that received performance evaluations rose by 26.3% and 27% respectively, and the evaluation results were linked to the allocation of this year’s budgets. We expanded the number of government departments whose budgets and final accounts are subject to NPC review, and for the first time, publicly released budgets for special transfer payments broken down by region and by program. We also carried out inspections on the disclosure of local governments’ budgets and final accounts with a view to enhancing their fiscal transparency.
　　提高积极财政政策的针对性和有效性。根据经济运行情况，在区间调控基础上实施定向调控和相机调控，加强预调微调，促进经济在合理区间运行。一是保持必要的支出强度。在2015年预算安排中适当扩大财政赤字规模，并使用以前年度结转资金，加大支出力度。采取全面清理结转结余资金、强化督查问责等措施，积极盘活财政存量资金，调整用于保民生、补短板、增后劲。置换3.2万亿元地方政府到期存量债务，降低了利息负担，缓解了当期偿债压力，为地方腾出资金用于重点项目建设创造了条件。二是加大减税降费力度。扩大小型微利企业所得税、固定资产加速折旧优惠政策范围。对小微企业免征42项行政事业性收费，取消或暂停征收57项中央级行政事业性收费。降低失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险费率，扩大失业保险基金支持企业稳岗政策的实施范围。三是强化财政资金政策的导向作用。大力推广政府和社会资本合作（PPP）模式，通过特许经营、投资补助、运营补贴等方式，拉动民间资本进入公共服务领域。深入推进中央级事业单位科技成果使用、处置和收益管理改革试点。完善企业研发费用加计扣除政策。启动首批小微企业创业创新基地城市示范。
　　Proactive fiscal policy has been made more targeted and effective.
　　In responding to economic developments, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation and strengthened anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, ensuring that the Chinese economy operated within an appropriate range.
　　First, we maintained a necessary level of spending intensity. We increased the government deficit by an appropriate amount in the 2015 budget, and put to use funds carried over from previous years to increase the intensity of spending. We took a host of measures, such as thoroughly reviewing carryover and surplus funds and strengthening inspections and accountability, to put existing government funds to use for the purposes of ensuring the wellbeing of the people, strengthening points of weakness, and making development more sustainable. A total of 3.2 trillion yuan worth of bonds were issued to replace outstanding debt of local governments close to maturity, helping reduce their interest burden and debt repayment pressure and free up financial resources for the development of key programs.
　　Second, we stepped up efforts to reduce taxes and fees. We expanded the scope of certain preferential policies, such as those concerning corporate income tax for low-profit small businesses and the accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. We exempted small and micro businesses from 42 different kinds of administrative charges and canceled or suspended the collection of 57 kinds of central-level administrative charges. We lowered premiums for unemployment, workplace injury, and maternity insurance schemes, and expanded the scope of the policy of providing subsidies from the unemployment insurance fund to enterprises that maintain stable employment during structural adjustments.
　　Third, we strengthened the guiding role played by fiscal funds and fiscal policies. We made great efforts to promote the use of the public-private partnership (PPP) model, and we encouraged nongovernmental capital to enter public service sectors by providing investment and operation subsidies or through franchising or other methods. We moved ahead with pilot reforms of management over the use, disposition, and profit rights of scientific and technological advances made in central-level public institutions. We improved the policy of additional tax deductions for enterprise research and development. We selected the first group of demonstration cities to act as business start-up and innovation hubs for small and micro businesses.
　　深化财税体制改革。有序推出一批新的改革举措，完善落实机制，推动改革落地生根。一是加快预算管理制度改革。将地方教育附加等11个项目由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算。制定中央国有资本经营预算管理办法，加大国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的力度，建立中央对地方国有资本经营预算转移支付机制。推动实行中期财政规划管理。进一步清理整合专项转移支付，从2014年的150项减少为2015年的96项。建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制，将地方政府债务分类纳入预算，实行限额管理。地方政府债券全面实现省级政府自发自还。出台政府财务报告编制办法及操作指南，公布政府会计基本准则，修订了财政总预算会计制度。二是深入推进税制改革。研究全面推开营改增试点方案、综合与分类相结合的个人所得税改革方案。实施稀土、钨、钼资源税改革，从价计征范围进一步扩大。研究消费税改革方案，完善消费税政策。深入开展涉企收费专项清理规范工作。三是稳步推进财政体制改革。完善出口退税负担机制。研究推进中央与地方事权和支出责任划分改革。结合税制改革进展，抓紧制订调整中央和地方收入划分过渡方案。
　　Reforms of the fiscal and tax systems have been deepened.
　　We introduced a number of new reform measures in an orderly manner and improved mechanisms related to their implementation, ensuring that these reform measures took firm root.
　　First, we accelerated the reform of the budgetary management system. We transferred local educational surcharge and ten other items from the budgets of government-managed funds into general public budgets. We drew up management regulations for the budgets of central state capital operations, transferred more funds from such budgets into general public budgets, and established a mechanism for making transfer payments from the budgets of central government state capital operations to the budgets of local government state capital operations. We moved forward with medium-term financial planning. We made further progress in organizing and integrating special transfer payments, cutting the number of items from 150 in 2014 to 96 in 2015. We established a standardized mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond-issuance, placed local government debt under budgetary management by category, and imposed ceilings for such debt. All local government bonds are now issued and repaid by their respective provincial governments. We enacted regulations and operational guidelines for the preparation of government financial reports, published basic principles on government accounting, and revised the general fiscal budget accounting system.
　　Second, we deepened tax reforms. We carried out research on a plan for implementing trials of replacing business tax with value added tax (VAT) in all sectors and a reform plan for taxing personal income on the basis of both adjusted gross income and specific types of income. We further expanded the coverage of ad valorem taxation, extending it to the reform of resource taxes on rare earths, tungsten, and molybdenum. We carried out research relating to the excise tax reform plan and improved excise tax policies. We intensified efforts to review and standardize fees and charges levied on businesses.
　　Third, we made steady progress in the reform of the fiscal system. We improved the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments. We studied and moved ahead reform of the division of administrative authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments. As the tax reform progressed, we worked promptly to draw up a transitional plan for adjusting the division of revenue between the central and local governments.
　　严肃财经纪律。认真落实中央八项规定精神和国务院“约法三章”，严格控制一般性支出，中央本级“三公”经费预算比2014年下降11.7%。健全厉行节约反对浪费相关制度，加强会议定点管理，调整中央和国家机关差旅住宿费标准。完善基本支出定额标准，加快项目支出定额标准体系建设，改进项目支出预算管理。开展涉农资金专项整治行动，严肃查处相关问题和责任人，公开曝光违反财经纪律的典型案例，进一步规范管理、堵塞漏洞。加大财政监督和督促落实力度，推动稳增长财税政策取得实效。
　　Financial discipline has been tightened up.
　　We have been conscientiously putting into practice the CPC Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending, rigorously controlling general expenditures, and have achieved a reduction of 11.7% in the central government’s budgetary expenditures related to official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality as compared to 2014. We improved regulations on practicing thrift and opposing waste, strengthened the management of meeting venue selection, and made adjustments to standards for business travel and accommodation expenses of Party and government organization workers. We improved standards for basic expenditure quotas, moved faster to develop a system of standards for program expenditure quotas, and improved budgetary management of program expenditures. We launched a campaign to rectify the abuse of funds earmarked for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, investigated relevant problems and punished those responsible, released representative cases of financial discipline violations, and further ensured that the management of funds is in line with standards and relevant loopholes are closed. We stepped up financial oversight and implementation supervision to ensure that our fiscal and tax policies were productive in promoting steady growth.
　　（二）2015年预算收支情况。
　　2. Budgetary revenue and expenditures in 2015
　　1、一般公共预算。
　　(1) General public budgets
　　全国一般公共预算收入152216.65亿元，比2014年同口径（考虑11个项目由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算影响，下同）增长5.8%。加上使用结转结余及调入资金8055.12亿元，收入总量为160271.77亿元。全国一般公共预算支出175767.78亿元，增长13.2%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金703.99亿元，支出总量为176471.77亿元。收支总量相抵，赤字16200亿元，与预算持平。
　　Revenue in general public budgets nationwide totaled 15.221665 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.8% over 2014 (this figure for the year-on-year increase, including those below, have been adjusted to account for the inclusion into general public budgets of 11 items originally contained in the budgets of government-managed funds). Adding in the 805.512 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds transferred from other sources, total revenue reached 16.027177 trillion yuan. Expenditures in general public budgets nationwide amounted to 17.576778 trillion yuan, up 13.2%. Including the 70.399 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, expenditures totaled 17.647177 trillion yuan. Total expenditure therefore exceeded total revenue leaving a deficit of 1.62 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the budgeted figure.
　　中央一般公共预算收入69233.99亿元，为预算的100%，增长7%。加上从中央预算稳定调节基金调入1000亿元，收入总量为70233.99亿元。中央一般公共预算支出80730亿元（其中，中央本级支出25549亿元，中央对地方税收返还和转移支付55181亿元），完成预算的99.1%，增长8.6%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金703.99亿元，支出总量为81433.99亿元。收支总量相抵，中央财政赤字11200亿元，与预算持平。2015年末，中央财政国债余额106599.59亿元，控制在年度预算限额111908.35亿元以内；中央预算稳定调节基金余额1156.37亿元。
　　Revenue in the central government’s general public budget amounted to 6.923399 trillion yuan, which is 100% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7%. Adding in the 100 billion yuan contributed by the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, total revenue came to 7.023399 trillion yuan. Expenditures in the central government’s general public budget amounted to 8.073 trillion yuan, which is 99.1% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 8.6% (this includes 2.5549 trillion yuan in central government expenditures and 5.5181 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central government to local governments). Adding in the 70.399 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, central government expenditures totaled 8.143399 trillion yuan. The central government’s total expenditures exceeded total revenue leaving a deficit of 1.12 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the budgeted figure. Central government debt had an outstanding balance of 10.659959 trillion yuan at the end of 2015, which meant it had been kept within the limit of 11.190835 trillion yuan budgeted for the year. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 115.637 billion yuan.
　　地方一般公共预算本级收入82982.66亿元，增长4.8%，加上中央对地方税收返还和转移支付收入55181亿元，地方一般公共预算收入138163.66亿元。再加上地方财政使用结转结余及调入资金7055.12亿元，收入总量为145218.78亿元。地方一般公共预算支出150218.78亿元，增长13.2%（剔除使用结转结余及调入资金后增长7.9%）。收支总量相抵，地方财政赤字5000亿元，与预算持平。
　　Revenue in local governments’ general public budgets came to 8.298266 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.8%. Adding in the 5.5181 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central government, revenue in local governments’ general public budgets totaled 13.816366 trillion yuan. Adding in the additional 705.512 billion yuan of utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds transferred from other sources, local government revenue totaled 14.521878 trillion yuan. Expenditures in local governments’ general public budgets came to 15.021878 trillion yuan, up 13.2% (or an increase of 7.9% after deducting utilized carryover and surplus funds and funds transferred from other sources). Total expenditures therefore exceeded total revenue leading to a local government deficit of 500 billion yuan, which is consistent with the budgeted figure.
　　中央一般公共预算收支执行具体情况如下：
　　The following details the specific situation in regards to the execution of the central government’s 2015 general public budget.
　　（1）主要收入项目执行情况。
　　1) Main revenue items
　　国内增值税20996.82亿元，为预算的97.7%，主要是工业生产者出厂价格持续下降导致减收较多。国内消费税10542.16亿元，为预算的94.1%，主要是提高卷烟、成品油消费税的实际收入低于预期。进口货物增值税、消费税和关税合计15071.51亿元，为预算的82.4%，主要是进口大宗商品价格下行、进口额大幅下降。企业所得税17639.23亿元，为预算的102.9%。个人所得税5170.89亿元，为预算的106.2%。出口货物退增值税、消费税12867.02亿元，为预算的105%。非税收入6996.91亿元，为预算的163.9%，主要是部分金融机构及中央企业上缴利润增加。
　　Domestic VAT revenue was 2.099682 trillion yuan, which is 97.7% of the budgeted figure. This shortfall was mainly due to the continuous decline in the producer price index (PPI). Revenue from domestic excise taxes stood at 1.054216 trillion yuan, which is 94.1% of the budgeted figure. Revenue fell short of the budget primarily because the real revenue from higher excise taxes on cigarettes and refined oil products were lower than expected. Revenue from VAT, excise taxes, and customs duties on imports amounted to 1.507151 trillion yuan, which is 82.4% of the budgeted figure. This discrepancy was mainly due to the fall in both the prices and total volumes of imported commodities. Corporate income tax revenue was 1.763923 trillion yuan, which is 102.9% of the budgeted figure. Individual income tax revenue was 517.089 billion yuan, which is 106.2% of the budgeted figure. VAT and excise tax rebates on exports came to 1.286702 trillion yuan, which is 105% of the budgeted figure. Non-tax revenue totaled 699.691 billion yuan, which is 163.9% of the budgeted figure. This surplus was mainly attributable to an increase in the profits turned in by some enterprises directly under the central government and some financial institutions.
　　（2）主要支出项目执行情况。
　　2) Main expenditure items
　　中央本级支出25549亿元，完成预算的102.1%，增长12.8%。其中：教育支出1357.05亿元，增长8.3%；外交支出478.34亿元，增长32.8%；国防支出8868.5亿元，增长10.1%；公共安全支出1584.16亿元，增长7.2%；一般公共服务支出1056.19亿元，增长0.5%；债务付息支出2866.9亿元，增长11.3%。
　　Central government expenditures amounted to 2.5549 trillion yuan, which is 102.1% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 12.8%. Of this amount, education expenditures came to 135.705 billion yuan, up 8.3%; foreign affairs-related expenditures stood at 47.834 billion yuan, up 32.8%; national defense spending was 886.85 billion yuan, up 10.1%; public security expenses amounted to 158.416 billion yuan, up 7.2%; expenditures on general public services reached 105.619 billion yuan, up 0.5%; and interest payments on debt were 286.69 billion yuan, up 11.3%.
　　中央对地方税收返还和转移支付55181亿元，完成预算的98.7%，增长6.7%。其中：税收返还5081.98亿元，与2014年基本持平；一般性转移支付28475.4亿元，增长6.8%；专项转移支付21623.62亿元，增长8.4%，主要是执行中通过动支预备费增加了一次性投资。
　　Tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments from the central government came to 5.5181 trillion yuan, which is 98.7% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 6.7%. This includes 508.198 billion yuan in tax rebates, the same as in 2014; 2.84754 trillion yuan in general transfer payments, up 6.8%; and 2.162362 trillion yuan in special transfer payments, an increase of 8.4%, which was mainly due to the addition of one-time investments from central government reserve funds during budget execution.
　　2、政府性基金预算。
　　(2) Budgets for government-managed funds
　　全国政府性基金收入42330.14亿元，加上2014年结转收入656.13亿元和地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入1000亿元，全国政府性基金相关收入总量为43986.27亿元。全国政府性基金相关支出42363.85亿元。
　　In 2015, revenue into government-managed funds nationwide came to 4.233014 trillion yuan. Adding in the 65.613 billion yuan carried over from 2014 and the 100 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, revenue related to government-managed funds nationwide totaled 4.398627 trillion yuan. Expenditures related to these funds amounted to 4.236385 trillion yuan.
　　中央政府性基金收入4112.02亿元，为预算的94.2%，增长5.2%。加上2014年结转收入656.13亿元，中央政府性基金收入总量为4768.15亿元。中央政府性基金支出4356.42亿元，完成预算的85.7%，增长7.5%。其中，中央本级支出3024.49亿元，对地方转移支付1331.93亿元。中央政府性基金收入大于支出411.73亿元。其中，结转下年继续使用248.17亿元；单项政府性基金结转超过当年收入30%的部分合计94.54亿元，按规定补充预算稳定调节基金；拟由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算的5个项目结余69.02亿元，2016年调入一般公共预算。
　　Revenue into central government-managed funds totaled 411.202 billion yuan, which is 94.2% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 5.2%. Adding in the 65.613 billion yuan carried forward from 2014, revenue related to central government-managed funds totaled 476.815 billion yuan. Expenditures related to central government-managed funds came to 435.642 billion yuan, which is 85.7% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.5%. Of this, central government expenditures were 302.449 billion yuan and transfer payments to local governments amounted to 133.193 billion yuan. Revenue into central government-managed funds exceeded expenditures by 41.173 billion yuan, which includes 24.817 billion yuan carried forward to 2016; 9.454 billion yuan for statutory replenishment of the Central Budget Stabilization Fund from the portions of the carryover funds of individual government-managed funds that exceeded 30% of their respective funds’ revenue; and 6.902 billion yuan in surplus funds from the five items to be transferred from government-managed fund budgets into the general public budget in 2016.
　　地方政府性基金本级收入38218.12亿元，下降17.7%，主要是国有土地使用权出让收入大幅减少。加上中央政府性基金对地方转移支付收入1331.93亿元和地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入1000亿元，地方政府性基金相关收入为40550.05亿元。地方政府性基金相关支出39339.36亿元，其中国有土地使用权出让收入相关支出32895.3亿元。
　　Revenue into funds managed by local governments reached 3.821812 trillion yuan, a decrease of 17.7%. This was mainly due to a significant decline in the revenue from the sale of state-owned land use rights. Adding in the 133.193 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds and the 100 billion yuan raised by local governments through the issuance of special bonds, total revenue related to local government-managed funds was 4.055005 trillion yuan. Total expenditures related to local government-managed funds came to 3.933936 trillion yuan, which includes expenditures of 3.28953 trillion yuan related to the proceeds of selling state-owned land use rights.
　　3、国有资本经营预算。
　　(3) Budgets for state capital operations
　　全国国有资本经营预算收入2560.16亿元，全国国有资本经营预算支出2078.57亿元。
　　In 2015, budgetary revenue from state capital operations nationwide totaled 256.016 billion yuan, and budgetary expenditures on state capital operations nationwide totaled 207.857 billion yuan.
　　中央国有资本经营预算收入1612.92亿元，为预算的104.1%，增长14.3%。加上2014年结转收入143.98亿元，收入总量为1756.9亿元。中央国有资本经营预算支出1359.67亿元，完成预算的80.3%，下降4.2%，主要是厂办大集体改革和“三供一业”分离移交工作进展低于预期。其中：中央本级支出1235.37亿元，包括调入一般公共预算用于保障改善民生支出230亿元；对地方转移支付124.3亿元。中央国有资本经营预算结转下年支出397.23亿元。
　　Budgetary revenue from the central government’s state capital operations was 161.292 billion yuan, which is 104.1% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 14.3%. Adding in the 14.398 billion yuan carried forward from 2014, total revenue stood at 175.69 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures on the central government’s state capital operations came to 135.967 billion yuan, which is 80.3% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 4.2%. This shortfall was mainly due to slower than expected progress in the reform of collectively owned businesses operated by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and in the reform to relieve SOEs of the burden of providing water, electricity, heating, gas, and property management services to their employees’ homes. Of the total expenditures on the central government’s state capital operations, 123.537 billion yuan was spent at the central level, which includes 23 billion yuan brought into the general public budget and used for ensuring and improving the people’s quality of life as well as 12.43 billion yuan used as transfer payments to local governments. A total of 39.723 billion yuan of budgetary revenue from the central government’s state capital operations was carried over to 2016.
　　地方国有资本经营预算本级收入947.24亿元，加上中央国有资本经营预算对地方转移支付收入124.3亿元，收入总量为1071.54亿元。地方国有资本经营预算支出843.2亿元。
　　Budgetary revenue from the state capital operations of local governments totaled 94.724 billion yuan. Adding in the 12.43 billion yuan in transfer payments from the central government’s state capital operations budget, total revenue stood at 107.154 billion yuan. Total budgetary spending on the state capital operations of local governments amounted to 84.32 billion yuan.
　　4、社会保险基金预算。
　　(4) Budgets for social security funds
　　全国社会保险基金收入44660.34亿元，为预算的103.6%。其中，保险费收入32518.48亿元，财政补贴收入10198.15亿元。全国社会保险基金支出39356.68亿元，完成预算的102.3%。当年收支结余5303.66亿元，年末滚存结余57002.33亿元。
　　In 2015, revenue into social security funds nationwide totaled 4.466034 trillion yuan, which is 103.6% of the budgeted figure. This includes 3.251848 trillion yuan from insurance premiums and 1.019815 trillion yuan from government subsidies. Expenditures from social security funds nationwide totaled 3.935668 trillion yuan, which is 102.3% of the budgeted figure. Therefore, social security funds were left with a surplus of 530.366 billion yuan in 2015, and the year-end balance reached 5.700233 trillion yuan after this surplus was rolled over.
　　（三）2015年主要支出政策落实情况。
　　3. Implementation of major expenditure policies in 2015
　　推动教育改革发展。支持实施第二期学前教育三年行动计划。落实农村义务教育经费保障机制和城市义务教育学生免学杂费政策，惠及约1.1亿名农村学生和2944万名城市学生。实施现代职业教育质量提升计划，推动职业教育布局调整。改革中央高校预算拨款制度，引导中央高校转变发展模式。支持特殊教育发展，保障特殊群体受教育权益。健全国家助学贷款、国家助学金等资助政策体系，全国约775万名高校学生、514万名普通高中学生和265万名中职学生得到资助，约1045万名中职学生享受免学费政策。
　　Promoting education reform and development
　　We supported implementation of the second phase of the three-year action plan for preschool education. We put in place mechanisms for guaranteeing compulsory education funding in rural areas as well as the policy of waiving tuition and miscellaneous fees for students receiving compulsory education in urban areas, benefiting approximately 110 million students in rural areas and 29.44 million students in urban areas. We implemented the quality improvement plan for modern vocational education and worked to reshape the vocational education system. We reformed the budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning directly under the central government to guide them in improving their models of development. We worked to guarantee the educational rights and interests of special needs groups through our support for the development of special needs education. We improved government financial aid policies for students, such as study assistance loans and student grants, providing aid to approximately 7.75 million college students, 5.14 million regular high school students, and 2.65 million secondary vocational school students, as well as exempting 10.45 million secondary vocational school students from paying tuition.
　　落实创新驱动发展战略。深化中央财政科技计划管理改革，完成大部分科技计划优化整合工作，集中资源支持体现国家战略意图的重大科技任务。加大对公共科技活动特别是基础研究的支持力度。支持实施科技重大专项。保障科研院所开展自主选题研究，改善科研条件。启动首台（套）重大技术装备保险补偿机制试点。
　　Pursuing innovation-driven development
　　We deepened reform of the management of science and technology initiatives financed by the central government. By completing the optimization or integration of a majority of these initiatives, we were able to concentrate resources on major programs that embody national strategic intentions. We redoubled efforts to support science and technology activities for the public interest, particularly those involving basic research. We supported the implementation of major science and technology projects. We worked to ensure research institutions had the support they needed as they conducted research into their own choice of subjects, and improved the conditions for undertaking research. We launched trials of the insurance compensation mechanism for newly-developed major technological equipment.
　　支持做好社会保障和就业工作。企业退休人员基本养老金水平继续提高，月人均达到2270元。城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金最低标准由每人每月55元提高到70元。推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革，建立职业年金制度，同步调整机关事业单位工作人员基本工资。深入实施高校毕业生就业促进计划、大学生创业引领计划，加强政府公共就业服务能力。加大对低保对象、孤儿、残疾人等困难群体救助工作的支持力度。继续提高优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准，落实移交政府安置的军队离退休人员相关待遇。
　　Helping provide better social security and employment services
　　Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees were increased to an average of 2,270 yuan per person per month. The minimum social pension benefits for participants of the basic old-age insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were raised from 55 yuan to 70 yuan per person per month. We moved forward with reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, establishing an annuity scheme for these employees while at the same time adjusting their basic salaries. We intensified efforts to implement the employment assistance initiative for university graduates as well as the scheme for guiding university students in starting their own business, and we also worked to strengthen the capacity of the government for providing public employment services. We gave stronger support to assistance efforts for subsistence allowance recipients, orphans, people with disabilities, and other disadvantaged groups. We further increased subsidies and living allowances to entitled groups, and worked to ensure the proper delivery of pension and other benefits to retired military personnel who now receive their benefits from the government.
　　深化医药卫生体制改革。新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准提高到每人每年380元，个人缴费标准相应提高到每人每年120元。基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由35元提高到40元，农村地区新增资金全部用于支付村医提供的基本公共卫生服务。在全国所有县（市）推开县级公立医院综合改革，城市公立医院综合改革试点扩大到100个城市。继续支持基层医疗卫生机构和村卫生室实施基本药物制度。推进住院医师规范化培训。完善城乡医疗救助和疾病应急救助制度。
　　Deepening reform of the healthcare system
　　Government subsidies towards the new rural cooperative medical scheme and the basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents were increased to 380 yuan per person per year with a corresponding rise in the rates for individual contributions to 120 yuan per person per year. We raised per capita government spending on basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan per year, with the entirety of the additional funds in rural areas being used to purchase basic public health services from doctors. We carried out comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals in all counties and county-level cities and expanded trials of the comprehensive reform of urban public hospitals to 100 cities. We continued to support community-level healthcare facilities as well as village clinics in implementing the system of essential medicines. We promoted standardized training programs for resident physicians. We also improved medical assistance programs and the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment in both urban and rural areas.
　　推进农业可持续发展。扩大重金属污染耕地修复治理、地下水超采区综合治理试点范围。在部分地区开展农业“三项补贴”改革试点，着力支持耕地地力保护和粮食适度规模经营。推进节水供水重大水利工程、区域规模化高效节水灌溉和高标准农田建设。进一步加大财政扶贫资金投入，推动实施了一批效果突出的减贫项目。加强草原生态保护，支持落实新一轮退耕还林还草任务1000万亩，扩大全面停止天然林商业性采伐范围。实施国家水土保持重点建设工程，治理水土流失面积6570平方公里。统筹推进农村综合改革相关试点。支持开展农村土地承包经营权确权登记。
　　Promoting sustainable development of agriculture
　　We expanded trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and for comprehensively dealing with the over-abstraction of groundwater. We conducted in selected areas trial reforms of direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies with the aim of protecting the soil fertility of cultivated land and supporting appropriately scaled-up grain operations. We promoted the development of water conservation and supply projects, large-scale, high-efficiency, water-saving regional irrigation projects, and high-grade farmland. We made further increases to the amount of funding available for poverty alleviation efforts, facilitating the launch of a number of poverty reduction projects that produced outstanding results. We helped strengthen grassland ecological conservation and supported the implementation of a new round of efforts to return 667,000 hectares of marginal cropland back into forest or grassland as well as the expansion of efforts to bring a complete end to the commercial logging of natural forests. We launched key national water and soil conservation projects, bringing soil erosion under control across 6,570 square kilometers of land. We made coordinated progress in the trials related to comprehensive rural reform. We supported the work to determine and open up registration for contracted rural land-use rights.
　　加强环境保护和节能减排。增加投入，突出重点，提升大气污染防治效果。推进地下综合管廊和海绵城市建设试点，在38个重点区域开展重金属污染防治。以流域为单元，实施国土江河综合整治试点。继续推进重点防护林保护等生态工程。在近2万个村庄开展环境综合整治，加大对农村环保基础设施运行管理的支持。推动新能源和可再生能源产业发展。建立全方位支持政策体系，全年新能源汽车生产量、销售量分别增长约4倍和3倍。深入开展节能减排财政政策综合示范。
　　Conserving energy, reducing emissions, and improving the environment
　　With a focus on key areas, we increased funding to deliver further results in the prevention and control of air pollution. We moved forward with trials to construct networks of underground utility corridors and build sponge cities, as well as with efforts to prevent and treat heavy metal pollution in 38 key areas. We launched trials to comprehensively improve the conditions around rivers on the geographical scale of each drainage basin. We moved ahead with key forest shelterbelts and other ecological conservation projects. We supported comprehensive environmental improvement efforts in nearly 20,000 villages and channeled greater effort into supporting the operations and management of rural environmental protection infrastructure. We worked to facilitate the development of new energy and renewable energy industries. With our establishment of a well-rounded system of supportive policies, the production and sales of new-energy vehicles last year rose by approximately 400% and 300% respectively. We carried out comprehensive demonstrations of achieving energy conservation and emissions reductions through fiscal policy.
　　完善住房保障政策。实行实物配租与租赁补贴并举，开展运用PPP模式投资建设和运营管理公共租赁住房试点。支持棚户区改造开工601万套、农村危房改造432万户。
　　Improving government housing support
　　We provided housing support through the provision of both physical housing and rent subsidies, and carried out trials of developing and operating public rental housing through PPP models. We supported the renovation of 6.01 million homes in run-down urban areas and 4.32 million dilapidated rural houses.
　　促进文化繁荣发展。推动落实国家基本公共文化服务指导标准，加快构建现代公共文化服务体系，推进基层综合性文化服务中心建设。加强文化遗产保护和中国传统村落保护。促进骨干文化企业和创意文化产业发展。加强重点媒体国际传播能力建设，提升国家文化软实力。
　　Giving impetus to cultural prosperity and development
　　We promoted implementation of national standards for the provision of basic public cultural services, accelerated the development of a modern system of public cultural services, and supported the construction of multipurpose centers for providing cultural services in communities. We worked to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage sites and traditional Chinese villages. We promoted the development of leading cultural enterprises and creative and cultural industries. We worked to strengthen the international communication capacity of key news media outlets and enhance the country’s soft power.
　　以上预算执行的具体情况详见《中华人民共和国2015年全国预算执行情况2016年全国预算（草案）》。
　　For a detailed account of the budget execution related to the above items, please refer to the 2015 Nationwide Budget Execution Reportand draft 2016 Nationwide Budget of the People’s Republic of China.
　　2015年，在经济下行压力加大、财政收入增幅回落、收支平衡难度很大的情况下，财政运行基本平稳，各项财税政策有效落实，为完成全年经济社会发展主要目标任务和实现“十二五”规划胜利收官提供了有力支撑。回顾过去的五年，财政改革发展迈上新台阶，财政在国家治理中的基础和重要支柱作用得到较好发挥。预算管理制度改革不断深化，营改增、消费税、资源税等税制改革有序推开，财政体制逐步完善，现代财政制度建设取得重要阶段性成果。财政宏观调控注重稳定市场预期、激发内生动力、推动结构优化，更多依靠市场力量，更多运用改革办法，促进了经济平稳运行和提质增效。民生保障持续加强，在增加投入的同时，着力完善相关领域支出政策和机制设计，突出公共性，增强可持续性。构建地方政府债务管理总体制度框架，摸清存量债务底数，有序推进存量债务置换，债务风险总体可控。这些成绩的取得，是党中央、国务院科学决策、坚强领导的结果，是全国人大、全国政协及代表委员们监督指导、大力支持的结果，是各地区、各部门和全国各族人民齐心协力、艰苦奋斗的结果。
　　Over the course of 2015, despite mounting downward pressure on the economy, subdued government revenue growth, and increased difficulty in maintaining a balanced government budget, our fiscal operations remained basically stable and we were able to effectively implement all fiscal and tax policies, providing strong support for accomplishing the major targets for economic and social development of the year as well as realizing a successful conclusion to the 12th Five-Year Plan.
　　Looking back over the last five years, it is clear that the reform and development of public finance work in China has reached a new level, and that its role as the foundation of the country’s governance has been effectively utilized. We constantly deepened the reform of the budgetary management system, made systematic headway in replacing business tax with VAT and in reforming excise tax and resource tax systems, and achieved major progress in building a modern fiscal system over five years of continuous refinement. In exercising macro regulation through fiscal policy, we paid great attention to keeping market expectations stable, unleashing internal forces for driving economic growth, and promoting structural improvements, and helped achieve a better-quality, higher-efficiency, and steadily operating economy by relying more heavily on market forces and adopting more reform measures. The wellbeing of our people has seen continual improvements, and we increased spending in related areas while working hard to improve related expenditure policies and institutional arrangements, emphasizing their public nature as well as increasing their sustainability. We established a general institutional framework for the management of local government debt, developed a clear picture of total outstanding debt, and carried out the systematic replacement of a portion of outstanding debt to ensure better overall control of debt-related risks.
　　We owe these achievements to the sound policymaking and firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; to the oversight, guidance, and strong support of the NPC, the CPPCC National Committee, and all of their members; and to the joint efforts and hard work of all regions, government departments, and all our people.
　　同时，我们清醒地认识到，财政运行还面临一些困难和问题，主要是：收支平衡压力越来越大，支出结构僵化问题仍然突出。地方政府偿债压力较大，违规举债、变相举债仍有发生，潜在风险防控任务十分艰巨。有的部门和单位预算执行力亟待增强，一些重大投资项目开工不及时、建设推进慢。财政资金统筹使用力度需进一步加大，资金使用的安全性、有效性仍需提高。我们高度重视这些问题，将采取有力措施加以解决。
　　At the same time, we are soberly aware that there are still a number of difficulties and problems standing in the way of fiscal work. Among these are the increasing difficulty in maintaining a balanced budget and the inflexibility in the structure of expenditures. Debt pressure on local governments is mounting, instances of borrowing in breach of regulations or in disguised form are still occurring, and the prevention and control of potential risks is becoming exceptionally difficult. The capacity of certain departments and organizations to execute their budgets is still quite poor, and work on some major programs has not gotten off the ground on time or has progressed at an unacceptably slow pace. Furthermore, government funds can still be utilized in a more coordinated, secure, and effective manner. We view these issues as extremely important, and will take effective measures to resolve them.
　　二、2016年中央和地方预算草案
　　II. Central and Local Draft Budgets for 2016
　　2016年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的开局之年，也是推进结构性改革的攻坚之年。我国经济长期向好的基本面没有变，经济韧性好、潜力足、回旋余地大的基本特征没有变，经济持续增长的良好支撑基础和条件没有变，经济结构调整优化的前进态势没有变。同时，“三期叠加”影响凸显，结构性矛盾导致全要素生产率增速放缓，经济下行压力依然较大。从财政看，一方面，我国税收收入以流转税为主，随着经济增速趋缓和工业生产者出厂价格连续下降，财政收入增速的回落幅度大于国内生产总值增速的回落幅度。加上为保持经济稳定增长、推进结构性改革，需要加大减税降费力度，特别是全面实施营改增后减收很多，将进一步拉低财政收入增幅。另一方面，财政支出刚性较强，支持转方式、补短板、防风险等增支需求较大。总体判断，2016年财政形势更加严峻，平衡收支面临极大压力。
　　This year is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and an important year for surmounting difficulties in the push towards structural reform. China’s economic fundamentals remain favorable for long-term growth, its economy remains resilient with strong potential and ample room for growth, the foundation and conditions for supporting sustained growth remain intact, and the momentum for economic structural adjustment has not slackened. Yet at the same time, China must simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. Structural issues are pulling down total factor productivity growth, and the economy still faces considerable downward pressure.
　　On the fiscal front, China receives most of its tax revenue from taxes related to goods and services, so as economic growth slows down and the PPI continues to fall, fiscal revenue growth is slowing at a rate greater than that of GDP growth. Additionally, the greater reductions in taxes and fees aimed at maintaining steady economic growth and pushing forward structural reform, and the substantial loss in revenue from across-the-board implementation of the reform to replace business tax with VAT in particular, are further pulling down growth in fiscal revenue. On the other hand, government expenditures are rather inflexible and will be driven up by the efforts to transform the growth model, strengthen points of weakness, and guard against risks. On the whole, the fiscal situation in 2016 will present a more challenging environment in which to achieve a balance of payments.
　　根据面临的财政经济形势，2016年预算编制和财政工作要全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会以及中央经济工作会议精神，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，按照“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，适应经济发展新常态，坚持改革开放，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路，继续实施积极的财政政策并加大力度，加快推进财税体制改革，促进供给侧结构性改革、适度扩大总需求，支持去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，推动产业结构调整和培育发展新动力；坚持依法理财，认真贯彻落实预算法各项要求；加大财政资金统筹使用力度，盘活存量，用好增量，优化结构，提高绩效；坚持过紧日子，厉行节约，重点保障基本民生支出，压缩其他支出，从严控制一般性支出；加强政府债务管理，有效防范财政风险，努力实现“十三五”时期经济社会发展的良好开局。
　　In light of the fiscal and economic landscape, in preparing the budgets for 2016 and carrying out public finance work, we need to thoroughly put into practice the guiding principles from the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of its 18th Central Committee, the Central Economic Work Conference, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses. Acting in accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, as well as the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,* we must firmly establish and put into practice the philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development, adapt to the new normal in economic development, adhere to the policy of reform and opening up as well as the general principle of making progress while keeping performance stable, and follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic living needs. We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and increase its intensity. We will accelerate reform of the fiscal and tax systems, promote supply-side structural reform while moderately expanding aggregate demand, support efforts to cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness, and facilitate adjustments to the industrial structure and the emergence of new drivers of growth. We need to continue to manage public finances on the basis of law and fulfill all of the requirements of the Budget Law. We need to increase overall coordination in the use of government funds, put both idle and additional funds to work, and optimize the structure of budgetary expenditures to improve the performance of fiscal spending. We need to tighten our belts, practice thrift, and prioritize expenditures towards ensuring the basic living standards of the people while strictly controlling general expenditures and reducing other expenditures. We need to strengthen government debt management, effectively guard against fiscal risks, and work hard to ensure a good beginning for economic and social development in the 13th Five-Year Plan period.
　　Note:
　　* The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategyis to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.
　　（一）2016年财政政策。
　　1. Fiscal policy for 2016
　　2016年继续实施积极的财政政策并加大力度。主要体现在：一是进一步减税降费。全面实施营改增，将试点范围扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业，实行不动产进项税抵扣。加大收费基金清理和改革力度，将18项行政事业性收费的免征范围，由小微企业扩大到所有企业和个人；将新菜地开发建设基金、育林基金征收标准降为零，停征价格调节基金；将教育费附加、地方教育附加、水利建设基金的免征范围，由月销售额或营业额不超过3万元的缴纳义务人扩大到不超过10万元的缴纳义务人。实行上述减税降费政策，预计全年减轻企业和个人负担5000多亿元。二是扩大财政赤字规模。全国财政赤字拟安排21800亿元，比2015年增加5600亿元，赤字率为3%，比2015年提高0.6个百分点。扩大的赤字，在适当增加必要财政支出的同时，主要用于弥补减税降费带来的财政减收，保障政府应该承担的支出责任。此外，纳入政府性基金预算管理的地方政府专项债务也明显增加，并加大使用结转结余资金规模，使支出总水平和重点支出达到一定的力度。三是调整优化支出结构。按可持续、保基本原则安排好民生支出。严格控制“三公”经费预算，压缩会议费等一般性支出。对收入高增长时期支出标准过高、承诺过多等不可持续支出或政策性挂钩支出，在合理评估的基础上及时压减。优化转移支付结构，重点压减专项转移支付数额，相应提高均衡性转移支付以及老少边穷地区转移支付规模。中央基建投资集中支持属于中央事权的公益性基本建设项目，减少小、散项目支出，2016年安排5000亿元，比2015年增加224亿元。四是加大财政资金统筹使用力度。对2015年末财政存量资金规模较大的地区或部门，适当压缩2016年预算安排规模。对执行中不再需要使用的资金，及时调整用于重点支出，减少按权责发生制结转支出。将政府性基金预算超出规定比例的结转结余资金，调入一般公共预算统筹使用。提高国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例。同时，创新财政支出方式，提高财政支出效率。
　　We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy in 2016 and increase its intensity. This will be mainly reflected in the following four areas.
　　First, we will further reduce taxes and fees.
　　We will implement the trials for replacing business tax with VAT in all sectors, extending it to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and allowing businesses to deduct the VAT on their new real estate purchases or on their payments for real estate rentals. We will step up efforts to clear up and reform administrative charges and government-managed funds by expanding the scope of exemptions for 18 types of administrative charges from only small and micro businesses to all enterprises and individuals, reducing required payments into new vegetable land development funds and forestry maintenance funds to zero, suspending the collection of payments into price adjustment funds, and increasing the body of tax payers eligible for exemption from educational surcharges, local educational surcharges, and water conservancy development fund payments by raising the cutoff for eligibility from a monthly sales or turnover figure of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan. It is projected that the above tax and fee reduction policies will save businesses and individuals more than 500 billion yuan over the course of 2016.
　　Second, we will allow the deficit to increase.
　　Government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan nationwide, an increase of 560 billion yuan over 2015, and the deficit to GDP ratio is projected to be 3%, 0.6 percentage points higher than 2015. While appropriately increasing mandatory government expenditures, we will ensure the expanded deficit goes mainly towards filling the gap in government revenue left by tax and fee reductions, enabling the government to meet its expenditure responsibilities.
　　In addition, we will also allow a considerable rise in the special debt of local governments that is included in the budgets of government-managed funds, and we will put into use more carryover and surplus funds so as to ensure sufficient levels of both total spending and key area spending.
　　Third, we will adjust and optimize the structure of expenditures.
　　We will make the proper arrangements for expenditures aimed at promoting the wellbeing of the people in line with the principles of sustainability and ensuring basic needs. We will strictly control budgets for spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality, while also reducing general expenditures such as those related to meetings. We will carry out rational assessments of policy-linked expenditures and unsustainable expenses, such as those made on overly ambitious commitments or on overly high expenditure standards during times of high revenue growth, and make prompt reductions on the basis of these assessments. We will improve the structure of transfer payments, focusing on cutting the number of special transfer payment items while making corresponding increases to general transfer payments aimed at creating more equitable access to basic public services as well as to transfer payments for old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas. Infrastructure investment by the central government will be more focused on basic public welfare projects within its purview, and less on small or miscellaneous projects. This investment is projected to be 500 billion yuan in 2016, which is an increase of 22.4 billion yuan over 2015.
　　Fourth, we will increase overall coordination in the use of fiscal funds.
　　We will appropriately trim the 2016 budgets for regions and departments that had a significant amount of government funds left over at the end of 2015. We will promptly reallocate funds that are no longer being used into key spending areas and reduce carryover expenditures produced by accrual accounting. We will move the carryover and surplus funds of government-managed fund budgets that exceed stipulated ratios into general public budgets so that they can be utilized in a coordinated way. We will also raise the proportion of funds transferred from the budgets for state capital operations into general public budgets. At the same time, we will make innovations in the way the government carries out its expenditures with a view towards increasing efficiency.
　　主要支出政策如下：
　　The primary policies regarding government expenditures are as follows:
　　教育方面。进一步完善城乡义务教育经费保障机制，统一义务教育学校生均公用经费基准定额。继续实施农村义务教育薄弱学校改造计划等重大项目，对建档立卡的家庭经济困难学生率先免除普通高中学杂费。继续实施现代职业教育质量提升计划，推动地方建立健全职业院校生均拨款制度，改善中职学校办学条件，加强“双师型”教师队伍建设，促进产教融合、校企合作。支持普惠性幼儿园发展。完善高校预算拨款制度，引导高校提高质量、优化结构、办出特色。健全家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系，提高资助精准度。
　　Education
　　We will further improve the mechanisms for ensuring funding for urban and rural compulsory education and set a unified benchmark for public funding per student in compulsory education schools. We will continue to carry out major projects such as the initiative for improving conditions in badly built or poorly operated rural schools providing compulsory education, and eligible students from families with financial difficulties will be the first to be exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees at regular senior high schools. We will continue to implement the quality improvement plan to develop modern vocational education, encouraging local governments to establish sound systems for allocating funds to vocational colleges based on student enrollment, improving conditions in secondary vocational schools, training a contingent of teachers strong in both theory and practice, and promoting the integration of vocational education with industry work as well as cooperation between colleges and businesses. We will support the development of kindergartens open to all children. We will improve the budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning and guide these institutions in improving their quality, optimizing their structure, and developing their own unique characteristics. We will improve the system of policies for providing financial aid to students from poor families and make such aid more targeted.
　　科技方面。完成中央财政科技计划优化整合，建成公开统一的国家科技管理平台，建立依托专业机构管理科研项目的机制。大力支持自然科学基金、科技重大专项和重点研发计划。加快实施国家科技成果转化引导基金，启动银行贷款风险补偿。推动在重大创新领域组建一批国家实验室。完善稳定支持机制，促进科研院所改革发展。实施科研项目后补助管理机制。
　　Science and technology
　　We will complete the optimization and integration of science and technology programs financed by the central government, finish building an open and unified national science and technology management platform, and establish a mechanism for entrusting the management of research programs to specialized agencies. We will give a high level of support to the National Natural Science Foundation of China, major science and technology projects, and key research and development programs. We will accelerate the implementation of the national seed fund for encouraging the application of scientific and technological advances and put in place loan default compensation mechanisms for banks in order to encourage them to provide loans to medium, small, and micro businesses. We will promote the establishment of a number of national laboratories in important innovation fields. We will facilitate the reform and development of research institutions by improving the mechanisms for providing them with consistent support. We will put in place management mechanisms for post-research program subsidies.
　　社会保障和就业方面。2016年中央财政按城市、农村低保人均补助水平分别提高5%、8%对地方补助。研究建立健全特困人员供养制度和资金保障机制。支持地方全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。保障优抚对象等人员各项抚恤待遇落实。支持做好退役士兵安置工作。
　　Social security and employment
　　In 2016, the central government will subsidize local governments in raising the level of subsistence allowances by 5% in urban areas and 8% in rural areas. We will conduct research on the establishment of a sound system for providing basic necessities to extreme poverty groups as well as mechanisms for guaranteeing funding for these efforts. We will support localities in comprehensively establishing systems for providing living allowances to needy persons with disabilities and for providing care service subsidies to people with serious disabilities. We will ensure the implementation of benefits for entitled groups and support the proper settlement of demobilized military personnel.
　　统筹考虑职工平均工资增长率和物价涨幅等因素，2016年1月1日起，按6.5%左右提高企业和机关事业单位退休人员养老金标准，并向退休较早、养老金偏低的退休人员和艰苦边远地区企业退休人员适当倾斜；建立基本工资正常调整机制，促进在职和退休人员待遇水平协调增长。完善职工养老保险个人账户，坚持精算平衡，建立更加透明易懂的收付制度，进一步健全多缴多得、长缴多得的激励约束机制。完善养老保险制度改革方案，研究职工基础养老金全国统筹方案。
　　In consideration of factors such as the rates of increases in average wages and price levels, as of January 1, 2016, pension benefits for retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions will be increased by around 6.5%, with appropriate preference given to those who have retired some time ago and are on relatively low pension benefits as well as those who have retired from enterprises in hardship and remote areas. We will put in place a mechanism for making regular adjustments to basic salaries and promote coordination between the benefit increases for those employed and retired. We will improve the personal account side of the old-age insurance scheme for workers, ensure that it remains in actuarial balance, establish more transparent and easily understood collection and payment systems, and further improve incentives for encouraging people to contribute more. We will also improve the reform plan for the old-age insurance systems and conduct research on putting the social pension of workers under national unified management.
　　完善鼓励高校毕业生到科技型、创新型中小企业和城乡基层就业创业政策，拓宽高校毕业生就业渠道。研究规范公益性岗位政策，建立困难群体就业帮扶长效机制。推动农民工平等获得公共就业服务。
　　We will improve policies that encourage college graduates to seek employment in small and medium-sized high-tech, high-innovation enterprises, start their own businesses, or find employment at the community level in urban and rural areas, and we will expand the channels through which college graduates can look for jobs. We will conduct research on policies for regulating public-service job positions, set up long-term mechanisms to support the employment of groups having difficulties in finding jobs, and help migrant workers obtain equal access to public employment services.
　　医药卫生方面。建立健全合理分担、可持续的医保筹资机制，将城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年380元提高到420元，个人缴费标准由每人每年120元提高到150元，新增筹资主要用于提高基本医疗保障水平，并加大对城乡居民大病保险的支持力度。将基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由40元提高到45元。整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度和管理体制。全面推进医保支付方式改革，发挥医保控费和规范诊疗行为作用。推进公立医院和基层医疗卫生机构改革，结合新型城镇化调整优化医疗资源布局，建立有序分级诊疗格局。推进重特大疾病医疗救助，加强与相关医疗保障制度的衔接，减轻低收入大病患者治疗费用负担。
　　Health care
　　We will set up sound, sustainable mechanisms for various parties to reasonably share the costs of health insurance. We will raise the annual government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents from 380 yuan to 420 yuan per person, and increase annual personal contributions from 120 yuan to 150 yuan per person, with the increases to be mainly used to provide better basic medical insurance and boost support for the major disease insurance scheme for rural and urban non-working residents. We will increase government subsidies for basic public health services from 40 yuan to 45 yuan per person per year. We will integrate the basic health insurance systems and their management systems for rural and non-working urban residents. We will comprehensively advance the reform of health insurance payouts to help control medical expenses and regulate medical treatment practices. We will press ahead with the reform of public hospitals and community-level health care institutions, adjust and optimize the distribution of medical resources in conjunction with the new type of urbanization, and put in place a tiered diagnosis and treatment system. We will work to reduce the burden of medical expenses on low-income patients suffering from major or critical diseases by providing them with assistance and ensuring such assistance is better linked with other health insurance programs.
　　脱贫攻坚方面。2016年中央财政加大了扶贫方面各项支出力度，其中财政扶贫专项资金增加201亿元，增长43.4%。进一步推广资产收益扶贫试点，大力推动易地扶贫搬迁，支持贫困县统筹整合使用财政涉农资金，集中力量解决突出贫困问题。推进少数民族扶贫、国有贫困农（林）场扶贫、以工代赈等，实施彩票公益金支持贫困革命老区项目。在扶贫资金项目审批权限下放的同时，切实加强财政扶贫资金监管，保障资金安全有效使用。通过实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫，增强贫困地区“造血”功能和发展后劲，推动贫困地区和贫困群众加快脱贫致富步伐。
　　Fighting poverty
　　In 2016, the central government will increase all expenditures relating to poverty alleviation efforts; this includes the appropriation of an additional 20.1 billion yuan of funds earmarked specifically for poverty reduction, which is an increase of 43.4% over last year. We will further expand the pilot scheme for helping those living in poverty realize returns on their asset investments, work hard to relocate those living in inhospitable areas, support poor counties in integrating the use of government funds for rural development, and concentrate our efforts on tackling severe poverty. We will continue to provide assistance to ethnic minorities living in poverty and to poor state-owned agricultural farms and forestry farms, and we will also provide poverty-relief employment programs. We will put into effect programs to use public welfare funds financed by lottery proceeds in support of old revolutionary base areas facing poverty. While delegating powers for the review and approval of programs supported by poverty-relief funds, we will strengthen supervision over such funds to ensure their secure and effective use. With targeted measures for reducing poverty, we will work to help poor areas tap into their potential for development and make their development sustainable so that both poor areas and poverty groups can lift themselves out of poverty at an even faster pace.
　　农业方面。调整现有农业支出结构，加大对农业可持续发展的支持力度。推动减少农药化肥过度使用，探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。出台促进农业种植结构调整政策，支持农业水价综合改革。继续推进重金属污染耕地修复治理、地下水超采区综合治理等试点。
　　Agriculture
　　We will make adjustments to the structure of agricultural expenditures, increasing support to efforts to promote sustainable agricultural development. We will work to discourage the excessive use of insecticides and fertilizers and explore conducting trials on the implementation of systems of crop rotation and fallow land. We will introduce policies to promote adjustments to the agricultural production mix and support comprehensive price reform of water used for agricultural purposes. We will continue to move ahead with trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals as well as trials for comprehensively dealing with the over-abstraction of groundwater.
　　支持实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略，保障农产品有效供给，保障口粮安全。大规模推进农田水利和高标准农田建设，提高粮食综合生产能力。全面推开农业“三项补贴”改革，支持发展多种形式适度规模经营，促进农村一二三产业融合发展。健全粮食主产区利益补偿机制，加大对产粮（油）大县奖励力度。推进国有林场、国有林区、供销社和农垦改革发展。推动中国海外农业投资开发基金规范有序运营，促进农业走出去。
　　We will support the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology in order to ensure the effective supply of agricultural products as well as grain security. We will make a large-scale push to develop farmland irrigation systems and high-quality farmland in order to help increase overall grain production capacity. We will carry out nationwide reform of direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies. We will support the development of diverse forms of appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations and work to promote integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will improve mechanisms for subsidizing major grain growing areas and increase rewards given to major grain-producing and edible oil-producing counties. We will support the reform and development of state forestry farms, state forestry areas, rural supply and marketing cooperatives, and state farms built on reclaimed land. We will promote the orderly and effective operation of the China Overseas Agricultural Investment and Development Fund and work to see China’s agriculture go global.
　　支持粮食等流通体制改革。深入推进棉花、大豆目标价格改革试点。推进玉米收储制度改革。完善主要农产品储备和调控机制。上述改革在一定时期会增加财政支出，但这是必要的改革成本。在粮棉油市场价格形成机制建立后，逐步将库存降至合理规模，相应使财政负担的粮棉油储备支出恢复到正常水平。
　　We will provide support for the reform of logistics systems for grain and other agricultural products. We will deepen the pilot reform for ensuring guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans. We will promote reform of the system for purchasing and stockpiling corn. We will also improve mechanisms for stockpiling and regulating the supply of major agricultural products. Although the above reform measures will increase government expenditures for a time, this is a necessary cost of reform. Following the establishment of a market-based price formation mechanism for grain, cotton, and edible oils, we will work towards gradually reducing stockpiles of these products to appropriate levels so that the fiscal burden from stockpiling expenses can see a corresponding return to normal levels.
　　生态环保方面。加大大气污染治理力度。推进实施水污染防治行动计划。开展山水林田湖系统治理修复试点。实施新一轮退耕还林还草和草原生态保护补助奖励政策。落实天然林保护全覆盖政策，适当提高天然林保护工程补助和森林生态效益补偿标准。加强湿地保护，扩大退耕还湿范围。加大新能源汽车推广力度，加快充电基础设施建设。支持能源清洁化利用，集中用煤、加强脱污、严控散煤。完善可再生能源发电补贴机制，及早实现平价上网。扩大节能减排财政政策综合示范、跨省流域上下游横向生态补偿机制试点范围。推进环境监测体制改革，加快建立中央与地方各负其责的环境监测体系。
　　Ecological conservation and environmental protection
　　We will go further in supporting efforts to control air pollution. We will promote the implementation of the action plan for water pollution prevention and control. We will carry out trials for the restoration and improvement of mountain, water, forest, and farmland ecosystems. We will implement a new round of policies for providing subsidies and awards to efforts to return marginal farmland back into forest or grassland and to preserve the ecology of grasslands. We will put in place nationwide coverage of protective policies for all natural forests, and appropriately increase subsidies for natural forest protection projects as well as the levels of compensation for forest management and conservation efforts that produce a positive ecological impact. We will strengthen wetlands protection efforts and expand the scope of work to return cultivated land back into wetlands. We will increase efforts to promote the use of new-energy vehicles and accelerate the construction of battery-charging facilities. We will work to ensure the cleaner use of resources by promoting more efficient, centralized coal operations and utilizing pollutant-capturing equipment while restricting less efficient, dispersed coal operations. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing the use of renewable energy for electricity generation and work to see that electricity generated from renewable energy can come on the grid at a price comparable to that of conventional electricity generation methods as soon as possible. We will expand the comprehensive demonstrations of achieving energy conservation and emissions reductions through fiscal policy as well as the scope of trials for having provinces situated on the upper and lower reaches of river basins compensate each other for their impact on water quality. We will promote reform of environmental monitoring systems so as to step up the pace of establishing a monitoring system in which the central and local governments assume separate responsibilities.
　　保障性安居工程方面。继续开展运用PPP模式投资建设和运营管理公共租赁住房试点，落实棚户区改造税费优惠政策和贷款贴息政策，积极推进棚改货币化安置和政府购买棚改服务。全年计划棚户区改造开工600万套，农村危房改造314万户。
　　Government-subsidized housing projects
　　We will continue to carry out the trials of developing and operating public rental housing through PPP models. We will put in place preferential tax and fee policies and loan interest subsidy policies for projects to renovate run-down urban areas, promote efforts to grant direct monetary housing subsidies to people displaced by the redevelopment of such areas, and actively encourage government procurement of renovation services. This year we plan to start renovating 6 million housing units in run-down urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated houses in rural areas.
　　文化体育方面。推动基本公共文化服务标准化均等化，提高公共文化服务供给体系质量和效率。支持繁荣社会主义文艺创作，推动文化交流与传播。完善文化产业政策扶持体系。推进实施全民健身战略。支持中国足球改革发展。做好2016年里约热内卢奥运会备战和参赛经费保障。
　　Culture and sports
　　We will work hard to ensure that access to basic public cultural services becomes increasingly standardized and equitable, and that both quality and efficiency are increased in the provision of public cultural services. We will support efforts to help socialist art and literature thrive while promoting cultural exchanges and communication. We will improve the systems for providing policy support to cultural industries. We will continue to promote public fitness programs and support the reform and development of soccer in China. We will work to ensure adequate funding for China’s preparation for and participation in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
　　国防和军队建设方面。支持深化国防和军队改革，全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设，推动经济建设和国防建设融合发展，不断提高履行使命任务能力，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。
　　National defense and armed forces development
　　We will support efforts to deepen the reform of national defense and the armed forces and strengthen the military in all respects so that it is more revolutionary, modern, and standardized. We will promote integrated development of the economy and national defense. We will work hard to ensure that the capabilities of the armed forces are constantly improving, and that they are able to safeguard the sovereignty, security, and development interests of China.
　　化解过剩产能及人员安置方面。坚持“市场倒逼、企业主体、地方组织、中央支持”，推动地方政府和中央企业综合运用兼并重组、债务重组和破产清算等方式加快化解钢铁、煤炭行业过剩产能，省级政府对本地区化解过剩产能负总责。中央财政安排1000亿元奖补资金，其中2016年500亿元，根据地方任务完成情况（主要与去产能规模挂钩）、需安置职工人数、地方困难程度等因素，实行梯级奖补，由地方政府和中央企业统筹用于符合要求的职工安置工作。同时，地方政府按照任务量同步安排资金，做好资金保障，共同做好此项工作。
　　Overcapacity reductions and the resettlement of workers
　　We will urge local governments and enterprises directly under the central government to accelerate their efforts to cut overcapacity in the steel and coal industries through the use of a combination of methods such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations. In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide due support, while the responsibility for making sure that overcapacity reductions happen in a locality will be on the relevant provincial-level government. We will allocate a total of 100 billion yuan from the central government budget, including 50 billion yuan to be used in 2016, for setting up tiered awards and subsidies for eligible worker resettlement projects by local governments and central government enterprises. These awards and subsidies will be provided on the basis of levels of performance (linked mainly to overcapacity reductions), the number of workers that require resettlement, the level of hardships faced by the local government, and other factors. At the same time, local governments should also allocate funds on the basis of their task requirements to ensure that adequate financing is available during overcapacity reductions and work together with the central government to carry out this work successfully.
　　（二）2016年收入预计和支出安排。
　　2. Revenue projections and expenditure appropriations for 2016
　　1、一般公共预算。
　　(1) General public budgets
　　中央一般公共预算收入70570亿元，比2015年执行数同口径增长2.2%。从中央预算稳定调节基金调入1000亿元，从中央政府性基金预算、中央国有资本经营预算调入315亿元，合计收入总量为71885亿元。中央一般公共预算支出85885亿元，增长6.3%（加上使用以前年度结转资金1725亿元，同口径增长6.7%）。收支总量相抵，中央财政赤字14000亿元，比2015年增加2800亿元。中央财政国债余额限额125908.35亿元。中央预算稳定调节基金余额156.37亿元。
　　Revenue in the central government’s general public budget is expected to reach 7.057 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.2% over the actual figure for 2015. Adding in the 100 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and the 31.5 billion yuan from the budgets of central government-managed funds and central government state capital operations, total revenue in 2016 should amount to 7.1885 trillion yuan. Expenditures from the central government’s general public budget are projected to reach 8.5885 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.3% (or an increase of 6.7%, if the use of the 172.5 billion yuan carried over from previous years is included). Total expenditures are projected to exceed total revenue leaving a deficit of 1.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 280 billion yuan over last year. The ceiling for the outstanding balance of central government bonds will be 12.590835 trillion yuan. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund will carry a balance of 15.637 billion yuan.
　　中央一般公共预算支出，分中央本级支出、对地方税收返还、对地方一般性转移支付、对地方专项转移支付、中央预备费反映。
　　Expenditures in the central government’s general public budget are divided into central government expenditures, tax rebates for local governments, general transfer payments to local governments, special transfer payments to local governments, and payments to central government reserve funds.
　　中央本级支出27355亿元，增长7%。其中：科学技术支出2706.43亿元，增长9.1%；外交支出519.71亿元，增长8.6%；国防支出9543.54亿元，增长7.6%；公共安全支出1668.15亿元，增长5.3%；一般公共服务支出1201.38亿元，增长13.7%；债务付息支出3299.29亿元，增长15.1%。中央本级“三公”经费按零增长安排。
　　Central government expenditures are projected to total 2.7355 trillion yuan, up 7% over last year. This consists of 270.643 billion yuan for science and technology expenditures, up 9.1%; 51.971 billion yuan for foreign affairs-related expenditures, up 8.6%; 954.354 billion yuan for national defense spending, up 7.6%; 166.815 billion yuan for public security expenses, up 5.3%; 120.138 billion yuan for expenditures on general public services, up 13.7%; and 329.929 billion yuan for interest payments on debt, up 15.1%. Central government spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality will adhere to the policy of zero-growth.
　　对地方税收返还5088.57亿元，与2015年执行数基本持平。
　　Central government tax rebates to local governments are projected to be 508.857 billion yuan, which is basically consistent with the actual figure for 2015.
　　对地方一般性转移支付32017.82亿元，增长12.2%。其中：均衡性转移支付20392.25亿元，增长10.2%，主要用于缓解地方减收增支压力；老少边穷地区转移支付1537.91亿元，增长22.4%；基本养老金转移支付5042.76亿元，增长14.5%；城乡居民医疗保险转移支付2426.27亿元，增长14.3%。
　　General transfer payments to local governments will amount to 3.201782 trillion yuan, up 12.2% over last year. Of this amount, transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services will account for 2.039225 trillion yuan, up 10.2%, which will be mainly used to help alleviate the burden on local governments due to falling revenue growth and increased expenditures; transfer payments to old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas will reach 153.791 billion yuan, up 22.4%; transfer payments for basic pension schemes will total 504.276 billion yuan, up 14.5%; and transfer payments for the rural and non-working urban resident health insurance systems will come to 242.627 billion yuan, up 14.3%.
　　对地方专项转移支付20923.61亿元，下降3.2%。从严控制专项转移支付项目数量，切实压减项目金额，特别是对涉及竞争性领域或补助企业经营项目的支出，加大压缩力度；较大幅度压减成品油价格补贴等不符合政策调控方向、效益不高的支出；取消开发区公共基础设施贷款贴息等实际情况已经发生变化的支出；进一步压减和取消其他零散重复的专项转移支付。同时，基本民生方面的专项转移支付资金总体增长，其中：现代职业教育质量提升计划专项资金176.63亿元，增长19.4%；困难群众基本生活救助补助资金1370.13亿元，增长5.7%；优抚对象补助经费409.33亿元，增长19.8%；公共卫生服务补助资金541.21亿元，增长8.8%；医疗救助补助资金141.13亿元，增长9.2%；农业资源及生态保护补助资金232.86亿元，增长16.5%；中央补助城镇保障性安居工程专项资金1218亿元，增长0.8%；农村危房改造补助资金263.35亿元，增长1.4%；退役安置补助经费397.71亿元，增长12.7%。
　　Special transfer payments to local governments will come to 2.092361 trillion yuan, a reduction of 3.2% from last year. The number of items eligible for special transfer payments will be strictly limited and the payment amounts for each item will be effectively reduced, particularly with regard to projects that involve competitive areas or subsidies for enterprise operations. Expenditures that are not in line with policy intentions or are no longer highly beneficial, such as price subsidies for refined oil products, will be reduced by a large margin. Expenditures that have been made unnecessary due to changes of circumstances, such as interest subsidies on loans used to finance public infrastructure construction in development zones, will be canceled. Additionally, special transfer payments for miscellaneous or redundant local projects will be further reduced or canceled. At the same time, special transfer payments to be used for ensuring basic living standards will be increased overall, with increases in the following areas: 17.663 billion yuan for the quality improvement plan for modern vocational education, up 19.4%; 137.013 billion yuan in basic living allowances and subsidies for people facing financial difficulties, up 5.7%; 40.933 billion yuan in subsidies for entitled groups, up 19.8%; 54.121 billion yuan for public health services, up 8.8%; 14.113 billion yuan in subsidies for medical assistance, up 9.2%; 23.286 billion yuan in subsidies for agricultural resource and ecological conservation efforts, up 16.5%; 121.8 billion yuan in funds earmarked for central government subsidies for urban housing projects, up 0.8%; 26.335 billion yuan for renovating dilapidated rural houses, up 1.4%; and 39.771 billion yuan in allowances for the settlement of decommissioned military personnel, up 12.7%.
　　中央预备费500亿元。
　　A total of 50 billion yuan will be appropriated for central government reserve funds.
　　地方一般公共预算本级收入86630亿元，增长3.6%，加上中央对地方税收返还和转移支付收入58030亿元、地方财政调入资金400亿元，地方一般公共预算收入合计为145060亿元。地方一般公共预算支出152860亿元，剔除上年使用结转结余及调入资金后同口径增长6.3%。地方财政赤字7800亿元，比2015年增加2800亿元，通过发行地方政府一般债券弥补。地方政府一般债务余额限额107072.4亿元。
　　Revenue in local governments’ general public budgets is projected to total 8.663 trillion yuan, up 3.6% from last year. Adding in the 5.803 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central government and the 40 billion yuan transferred from other local sources, total local government revenue is expected to reach 14.506 trillion yuan. Expenditures from local governments’ general public budgets are projected to total 15.286 trillion yuan, which after deducting utilized carryover and surplus funds from last year and funds transferred from other sources is an increase of 6.3%. The projected local government deficit therefore stands at 780 billion yuan, an increase of 280 billion yuan over last year. This deficit will be made up for through the issuance of local government general bonds. The ceiling for the outstanding balance of local government general bonds will be 10.70724 trillion yuan.
　　汇总中央和地方预算，全国一般公共预算收入157200亿元，增长3%。加上调入资金1715亿元，可安排的收入总量为158915亿元。全国一般公共预算支出180715亿元，剔除地方上年使用结转结余及调入资金后同口径增长6.7%。赤字21800亿元，比2015年增加5600亿元。
　　Combining the general public budgets of the central and local governments, it is projected that nationwide revenue will amount to 15.72 trillion yuan, up 3% from last year. Adding in the 171.5 billion yuan transferred from other sources, total revenue available is expected to reach 15.8915 trillion yuan. Nationwide expenditures are budgeted at 18.0715 trillion yuan, which after deducting local governments’ utilized carryover and surplus funds from last year and funds transferred from other sources is an increase of 6.7%. This will produce a national deficit of 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over 2015.
　　上述2016年收支数已含政府性基金预算部分项目转列一般公共预算的收支数。即：从2016年1月1日起，将水土保持补偿费等5个项目收支由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算，在减少政府性基金预算收支的同时，相应调增一般公共预算2016年收支数和2015年收支基数。
　　The above figures of budgeted revenue and expenditures for 2016 also take into account figures from government-managed fund budgets that were transferred into general public budgets: from January 1, 2016, the revenue and expenditures of five government-managed funds, such as water and soil conservation subsidies, were transferred into general public budgets. While budgetary revenue and expenditures for government-managed funds have been reduced, we have made corresponding increases in the estimated revenue and expenditure figures for the 2016 general public budgets as well as in the revenue and expenditure baseline figures for 2015.
　　2、政府性基金预算。
　　2. Budgets for government-managed funds
　　中央政府性基金收入4271.65亿元，增长5%。加上上年结转收入248.17亿元，中央政府性基金收入总量为4519.82亿元。中央政府性基金支出4519.82亿元，增长5.5%。其中，中央本级支出3405.23亿元，增长12.8%；对地方转移支付1114.59亿元，下降11.9%。
　　Revenue into central government-managed funds is projected to reach 427.165 billion yuan, up 5% from last year. Adding in the 24.817 billion yuan carried forward from last year, revenue into central government-managed funds will total 451.982 billion yuan. Expenditures from central government-managed funds will be 451.982 billion yuan, up 5.5%. This figure consists of 340.523 billion yuan of central government expenditures, up 12.8%, and 111.459 billion yuan of transfer payments to local governments, down 11.9%.
　　地方政府性基金本级收入32902.09亿元，下降12.4%。其中，国有土地使用权出让收入28248.6亿元，下降13.2%。加上中央政府性基金对地方转移支付收入1114.59亿元、地方政府专项债务收入4000亿元（比上年增加3000亿元），地方政府性基金相关收入为38016.68亿元。地方政府性基金相关支出38016.68亿元。其中，国有土地使用权出让收入相关支出32024.08亿元，下降2.6%。地方政府专项债务余额限额64801.9亿元。
　　Revenue into local government-managed funds is projected to be 3.290209 trillion yuan, down 12.4%. This figure includes 2.82486 trillion yuan from the sale of state-owned land use rights, down 13.2%. Adding in the 111.459 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds and the 400 billion yuan of revenue generated from local government special debt (an increase of 300 billion yuan over last year), total revenue related to local government-managed funds is projected to be 3.801668 trillion yuan. Total expenditures related to local government-managed funds will be 3.801668 trillion yuan. This includes 3.202408 trillion yuan of expenditures related to the proceeds of selling state-owned land use rights, down 2.6%. The balance of outstanding special debt of local governments will be no more than 6.48019 trillion yuan.
　　汇总中央和地方预算，全国政府性基金收入37173.74亿元，下降10.7%，加上上年结转收入248.17亿元和地方政府专项债务收入4000亿元，全国政府性基金相关收入总量为41421.91亿元。全国政府性基金相关支出41421.91亿元，下降1.2%。
　　Combining the budgets for the central and local government-managed funds, revenue into these funds is projected to be 3.717374 trillion yuan, a decrease of 10.7% from last year. Adding in the 24.817 billion yuan carried forward from last year and the 400 billion yuan of revenue generated from local government special debt, revenue into government-managed funds nationwide will be 4.142191 trillion yuan. Total expenditures related to these funds will reach 4.142191 trillion yuan, down 1.2%.
　　需要说明的是，水土保持补偿费等5个项目收支由政府性基金预算转列一般公共预算后，2016年中央和地方政府性基金收支规模减少，相应对2015年基数作了调减，增幅仍为可比口径。
　　It should be noted that, following the inclusion of the revenue and expenditures of five government-managed funds, such as water and soil conservation subsidies, into general public budgets, total budgetary revenue and expenditures of central and local government-managed funds will decrease in 2016. Because of this, we have correspondingly lowered the baseline figures for 2015 so that the level of growth can be calculated on a comparable basis.
　　3、国有资本经营预算。
　　3. Budgets for state capital operations
　　2016年进一步健全国有资本经营预算制度。一是将中央国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例由2015年的16%提高到19%。二是将中国铁路总公司等68户企业纳入中央国有资本经营预算实施范围。三是优先安排资金用于解决国有企业历史遗留问题、化解过剩产能及人员安置。
　　In 2016, we will strive to further refine the budgeting system for state capital operations. First, the proportion of funds allocated from the state capital operations budget of the central government to its general public budget will be raised from 16% in 2015 to 19% this year. Second, a total of 68 enterprises, including China Railway Corporation, will be incorporated into the central government’s state capital operations budget. Third, the utilization of funds will be prioritized towards addressing longstanding problems of SOEs, reducing overcapacity, and making proper arrangements for laid-off employees.
　　中央国有资本经营预算收入1400亿元，下降13.2%，主要是预计石油石化、钢铁、煤炭等行业企业利润下降。加上上年结转收入397.23亿元，中央国有资本经营预算收入总量为1797.23亿元。中央国有资本经营预算支出1551.23亿元，增长37.3%。其中：中央本级支出1191.23亿元，增长18.5%；对地方转移支付360亿元，增长189.6%。向一般公共预算调出246亿元。
　　Budgetary revenue from the state capital operations of the central government is projected to be 140 billion yuan, down 13.2% from last year. This decrease comes primarily from lower than expected enterprise profits in the petroleum, petrochemical, steel, and coal industries. Adding in the 39.723 billion yuan carried forward from last year, total budgetary revenue from central government state capital operations is projected to be 179.723 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures on these operations are expected to be 155.123 billion yuan, up 37.3%. Of this, 119.123 billion yuan is to be spent at the central level, an increase of 18.5%, and 36 billion yuan is to be transferred to local governments, an increase of 189.6%. A projected 24.6 billion yuan will be transferred into the general public budget.
　　地方国有资本经营预算本级收入894.7亿元，下降5.5%。加上中央国有资本经营预算对地方转移支付收入360亿元，地方国有资本经营预算收入1254.7亿元。地方国有资本经营预算支出1067.82亿元，增长29.2%，主要是中央国有资本经营预算增加对地方转移支付，用于支持“三供一业”分离移交、厂办大集体改革等。向一般公共预算调出186.88亿元。
　　Budgetary revenue from the state capital operations of local governments is projected to be 89.47 billion yuan, down 5.5% from last year. Adding in the 36 billion yuan of transfer payments from the central government’s state capital operations budget, total budgetary revenue from local government state capital operations will be 125.47 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures on local government state capital operations are estimated to be 106.782 billion yuan, up 29.2%. This increase is primarily due to a rise in transfer payments allocated from the budgets of the central government’s state capital operations for the purpose of helping relieve SOEs of their obligation to provide water, electricity, heating, gas, and property management services to their employees’ homes as well as advancing the reform of collectively owned businesses operated by SOEs. A projected 18.688 billion yuan is to be allocated to local government general public budgets.
　　汇总中央和地方预算，全国国有资本经营预算收入2294.7亿元，下降10.4%，加上上年结转收入397.23亿元，全国国有资本经营预算收入总量为2691.93亿元。全国国有资本经营预算支出2259.05亿元，增长23.3%。向一般公共预算调出432.88亿元。
　　Combining the state capital operation budgets of the central and local governments, budgetary revenue nationwide is projected to be 229.47 billion yuan, down 10.4% from last year. Adding in the 39.723 billion yuan carried over from last year, total budgetary revenue from state capital operations nationwide will be 269.193 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditures on state capital operations nationwide are expected to be 225.905 billion yuan, up 23.3%. A projected 43.288 billion yuan will be transferred into general public budgets.
　　4、社会保险基金预算。
　　4. Budgets for social security funds
　　全国社会保险基金收入47144.19亿元，增长5.6%。其中，保险费收入34376.59亿元，财政补贴收入10848.04亿元。全国社会保险基金支出43546.53亿元，增长10.6%。本年收支结余3597.66亿元，年末滚存结余60600亿元。
　　Revenue into social security funds nationwide is projected to be 4.714419 trillion yuan, up 5.6% from last year, which includes 3.437659 trillion yuan from insurance premiums and 1.084804 trillion yuan from government subsidies. Expenditures from social security funds nationwide will total 4.354653 trillion yuan, up 10.6%. With a projected surplus of 359.766 billion yuan this year, the year-end balance will be 6.06 trillion yuan after the balance from 2015 has been rolled over.
　　需要说明的是，地方预算由地方各级人民政府编制，报同级人民代表大会批准，目前尚在汇总中，本报告中地方收入预计数和支出安排数均为中央财政代编。
　　It should be noted that as local budgets are formulated by local people’s governments and submitted for approval to the people’s congresses at their respective levels, the relevant data is still in the process of being compiled. As such, the above-mentioned figures for local revenue and expenditures have been compiled by the central finance authorities.
　　以上预算安排的具体情况详见《中华人民共和国2015年全国预算执行情况2016年全国预算（草案）》。
　　For a detailed account of the budget arrangements related to the above items, please refer to the2015 Nationwide Budget Execution Report and draft 2016 Nationwide Budget of the People’s Republic of China.
　　根据预算法规定，预算年度开始后，在全国人民代表大会批准本预算草案前，可安排下列支出：上年度结转支出；参照上年同期的预算支出数额安排必须支出的本年度部门基本支出、项目支出，以及对下级政府的转移性支出；法律规定必须履行支付义务的支出，以及用于自然灾害等突发事件处理的支出。根据上述规定，2016年1月中央一般公共预算支出8387亿元。其中，中央本级支出1537亿元，对地方税收返还和转移支付6850亿元。
　　In accordance with the Budget Law, after the beginning of a new financial year and prior to the approval of the drafts of the central and local government budgets by the National People’s Congress, arrangements may be made for the following expenditures:
　　– carryover expenditures from the previous financial year
　　– basic expenditures and program expenditures of government departments and transfer payments to lower-level governments that must be made in the current year, after referring to the amount of budgetary expenditures for the corresponding period of the previous year
　　– expenditures mandated by law
　　– expenditures for dealing with natural disasters and other emergencies
　　In accordance with the above stipulations, in January 2016, expenditures in the central government’s general public budget totaled 838.7 billion yuan, which includes 153.7 billion yuan spent at the central level and 685 billion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments made to local governments.
　　三、切实做好2016年财政改革与管理工作
　　III. Working towards Successful Public Finance Management and Reform in 2016
　　（一）贯彻实施好预算法。
　　1. Implementing the Budget Law
　　推动修订后的预算法实施条例尽快出台，夯实依法理财的制度基础。深入推进预决算公开，加快建立透明预算制度。推进中期财政规划管理，研究编制2017－2019年全国中期财政规划，强化其对年度预算的约束和指引作用。全面推进预算绩效管理改革，加强绩效目标管理，推进重大专项资金等重点支出绩效评价，强化评价结果应用，增强花钱的责任意识和效率意识。进一步完善国库集中收付运行机制。积极配合做好清理规范重点支出同财政收支增幅或生产总值挂钩事项。组织开展政府综合财务报告编制试点，抓紧完善相关制度。牢固树立过紧日子的思想，精打细算，把钱用在“刀刃”上。坚持从严从简，勤俭办一切事业，能减少的支出坚决减少，能不花的钱坚决不花，狠刹铺张浪费和奢靡之风。健全公务支出管理制度体系，深化公务卡制度改革，推动建立厉行节约反对浪费长效机制。严肃财经纪律，加强民生领域财政资金监管，全面开展财政资金安全检查。
　　We will work faster to unveil the revised Implementation Regulations of the Budget Lawat the earliest possible time so as to strengthen the institutional foundation for law-based public finance management. We will expand efforts to ensure that budgets and final accounts are released to the public and accelerate the establishment of a transparent budget system. We will move ahead with mid-term fiscal planning by formulating the 2017-2019 National Mid-Term Fiscal Plan, and strengthen its role in guiding the formulation of annual budgets and constraining the appropriation of funds. In advancing the reform of budget performance management across the board, we will strengthen the management of performance targets, promote performance evaluation of key expenditures such as major special funds, apply evaluation results more effectively, and increase the sense of responsibility and attention to efficiency of those responsible for the utilization of public funds. We will make further improvements to the operating mechanisms for collections and payments through the centralized treasury system. We will actively assist in efforts to review and regulate key items for which budgetary expenditures are linked to increases in government revenue or expenditures or to GDP growth. We will organize trials of preparing comprehensive government financial reports and promptly improve relevant systems. We will work to instill a keen awareness of the need to tighten our belts, make every cent count, and appropriate funds to where they can be used most efficiently. We will strictly observe relevant rules and regulations on refraining from extravagance, practice thrift and economy throughout all activities, reduce or cut spending whenever and wherever possible, and put a resolute stop to extravagance and waste. We will improve the system of institutions for managing expenditures for official purposes, deepen reform of the government purchase card system, and move ahead with the establishment of a permanent mechanism for ensuring strict austerity and fighting waste. We will tighten up financial discipline, strengthen supervision over government funds earmarked for improving the wellbeing of the people, and comprehensively review the security of government funds.
　　（二）加快财政体制和税制改革。
　　2. Accelerating fiscal and tax system reform
　　出台中央与地方事权和支出责任划分改革的指导意见，适度加强中央事权和支出责任，将一些适宜地方政府负责的事务交给地方，减少中央和地方职责交叉、共同管理的事项。选取部分领域率先启动事权和支出责任划分改革。完善并择机出台中央和地方增值税收入划分过渡方案，调动中央和地方两个积极性。健全财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制。全面完成营改增改革。调整消费税征收范围、环节和税率。推进综合与分类相结合的个人所得税改革。全面推开资源税从价计征改革，清理相关收费基金。研究落实行邮税调整方案，规范跨境电子商务零售进口税收政策。落实鼓励企业创新的财税政策，支持企业加大研发投入，强化企业创新主体地位和主导作用。继续配合做好船舶吨税、环境保护税等立法工作。
　　We will unveil guidelines on the reform of the division of administrative authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments, which will be aimed at appropriately increasing the administrative authority and spending responsibilities of the central government, delegating to local governments the responsibility for affairs which are suitable for them, and minimizing the number of items for which there is overlapping responsibility or shared management between the central and local governments. This reform will be first carried out in selected areas. We will improve and at an appropriate time roll out the transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments, providing a way to best arouse the enthusiasm of both the central and local governments. We will improve the mechanism linking transfer payments to local governments with the number of people from rural areas who have become permanent urban residents within their jurisdiction. We will complete the reform to replace business tax with VAT in all sectors. We will make adjustments to the scope, affected activities, and rates of excise taxes. We will press ahead with personal income tax reform towards a system that is based on both adjusted gross income and specific types of incomes. We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes and straighten out relevant administrative charges and government-managed funds. We will implement a plan for adjusting import duties on items coming into China via personal baggage or by post, and introduce standard policies on retail import taxes arising from cross-border e-commerce. We will implement fiscal and tax policies that encourage enterprise innovation, supporting enterprises in increasing their R&D investment and helping strengthen the principal position and guiding role of enterprise innovation. We will continue to assist in the legislative work on a tonnage tax and an environmental protection tax.
　　（三）提高预算执行效能。
　　3. Executing budgets more effectively
　　一是加强财政收入管理。坚持依法征收、应收尽收，严禁采取“空转”等方式虚增收入。落实减税降费各项政策，坚决不收过头税、过头费。密切跟踪财政收入形势，加强分析、妥善应对。二是强化支出预算管理。坚持预算硬约束，严格执行人大批准的预算，及时批复下达。动态监测预算执行情况，推动财政拨款规模较大的重点单位加快预算执行。督促做好重大项目前期准备工作，财政资金下达后及时形成实物工作量。三是进一步盘活存量资金。继续按规定清理收回两年以上结转资金，同时加强对两年以内资金的清理盘活。加大清理财政专户和预算单位实有资金账户存量资金力度。稳妥推进国库现金管理，研究建立财政库底目标余额管理制度。四是加快内部控制建设。在财政部门全面建立和实施内控制度，重点聚焦预算管理、资金分配等业务环节，实行分事行权、分岗设权、分级授权，强化内部流程控制，建立有效的风险应对机制和严格的问责机制，提高行政效率。
　　First, we will strengthen the management of government revenue. We will ensure that taxes and fees are collected on the basis of law, that their collection is carried out in full, and that accounting schemes or other methods that seek to boost revenue only on paper are strictly prohibited. We will see that every policy related to tax and fee reductions is implemented and that any tax or fee not prescribed by law is not collected. We will closely follow, carefully analyze, and properly respond to developments in the government revenue situation.
　　Second, we will strengthen the management of budgetary expenditures. We will strictly enforce budgetary constraints and promptly approve the appropriation of government funds in strict accordance with the budgets approved by the NPC. We will carry out dynamic monitoring of budget execution to help ensure key organizations receiving large sums of government funds accelerate the execution of their budgets. We will urge those responsible for major programs to make thorough preparations so that work can begin on them the moment government funds are received.
　　Third, we will go further in putting idle funds to work. Funds carried forward for more than two years will be reviewed and taken back in accordance with regulations, while funds that have been allocated for two years or less will be reviewed and put to good use. We will redouble efforts to review idle funds in special fiscal accounts and extra-budgetary accounts of budget institutions. We will steadily carry out treasury cash management and conduct research on the establishment of a management system for the target balance of the treasury general account.
　　Fourth, we will speed up the development of internal controls. The internal control system will be established and implemented in all finance departments, and it will focus on budget management, fund distributions, and other areas. Under this system, the way power is exercised is determined on the basis of the matter in question, the way power is arranged is determined on the basis of the position in question, and the way power is delegated is determined on the basis of the level of government in question. We will strengthen regulation over internal procedures and establish mechanisms to effectively respond to risks and ensure greater accountability in order to improve administrative efficiency.
　　（四）创新财政投入方式。
　　4. Innovating channels of government investment and spending
　　一是大力推广运用PPP模式。研究推进政府和社会资本合作法的立法工作。出台PPP项目财政管理办法、标准化合同范文和分行业合同。推动PPP融资支持基金顺利运行，带动更多项目落地实施。严格规范运作PPP项目，确保项目实施质量。二是发挥好各类财政性投资基金的作用。对保留的具有一定外部性的竞争性领域专项，控制资金规模，突出保障重点，逐步改变行政性分配方式，主要采取基金管理等市场化运作模式，逐步与金融资本相结合，发挥财政资金撬动社会资本的作用。三是积极推进政府购买服务。加强政府购买服务目录编制工作，进一步扩围增项，在更多领域实行政府购买服务。建立绩效评价机制，探索推进第三方评价。四是完善政府采购制度。落实向中小企业预留采购份额的政策。继续扩大政府采购节能环保产品范围。开展政府采购支持创新产品政策试点。推进批量集中采购改革，降低政府采购成本。
　　First, we will work to see that the PPP model becomes widespread. We will conduct research to assist legislative work related to the law on government and non-government capital cooperation. We will issue regulations on public finance management for PPP projects and create standard model contracts and industry-specific contracts. We will work to ensure that funds for supporting financing through PPP models operate smoothly so that more projects can come to fruition. We will help guarantee quality implementation of PPP projects by strictly regulating their operations.
　　Second, we will make effective use of all types of government investment funds. With regard to special funds retained in competitive fields with strong externalities, we will control the scale of their funding, ensure a focus on key areas, phase out administrative distribution in favor of market operating models such as fund management, gradually integrate these funds with financial capital, and use government capital to encourage the investment of private capital.
　　Third, we will actively encourage government procurement of services. We will step up the preparation of catalogs of services for government procurement by including more services and more areas. We will establish a performance evaluation mechanism for such services and explore the possibility of third-party evaluations.
　　Fourth, we will improve the government procurement system. We will implement the policy of holding procurement quotas in reserve for small and medium enterprises. We will further expand the range of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products eligible for government procurement. We will put in place a policy of providing support to innovative products through government procurement on a trial basis. We will move forward with reform to adopt bulk and centralized procurement practices to help lower government procurement costs.
　　（五）加强地方政府债务管理。
　　5. Strengthening the management of local government debt
　　切实增强风险防控意识，在强化中央政府债务管理的同时，严格地方政府债务管理。一是加强限额管理和预算管理。科学拟定债务限额，地方政府在批准的限额内举借和偿还债务，严格控制债务规模。将地方政府债务收支纳入预算，自觉接受各级人大的监督。建立地方政府债务限额及债务收支情况随同预算公开的常态机制。二是健全风险评估和预警机制。综合运用各类风险指标，评估各地债务风险，并对高风险地区进行预警，指导督促地方建立债务风险应急处置机制。三是做好地方政府债券发行工作。完善发行办法，提高债券发行市场化定价水平，统筹国债、地方债发行节奏。研究推进地方政府债券投资群体多元化，积极建设地方政府债券二级市场，提高流动性。指导地方根据偿债需求、市场情况等合理确定置换规模，督促加快入库债券资金的置换。同时，完善地方政府债务监管和考核问责机制。加快推进融资平台公司市场化转型和融资。完善全口径政府债务管理。加大对违法举债担保行为的监督和惩处力度。
　　We will enhance awareness in relation to risk prevention and control, and while strengthening management of central government debt, we will tighten regulation of the debt of local governments. First, we will strengthen debt ceiling management and budgetary management. We will establish appropriate ceilings under which local governments may borrow and pay back debt in order to keep such debt under strict control. The revenue and expenses generated by local government debt will be incorporated into their budgets and will be subject to oversight by the people’s congresses at the same level. A permanent mechanism will also be put in place to see that local government debt ceilings as well as the revenue and expenses generated by local government debt are publically released alongside local government budgets.
　　Second, we will improve risk evaluation and early warning mechanisms. We will utilize a wide variety of risk indicators to evaluate the risks that debt poses to local governments and issue warnings to local governments exposed to high levels of risk. We will urge and guide localities in establishing mechanisms for responding to debt risk emergencies.
　　Third, we will carry out our work related to local government bond issuance. We will make improvements to issuance methods, increase the usage of market-based pricing in bond issuance, and coordinate the pace of national and local bond issuance. We will conduct research on promoting diversification among the investors who hold local government bonds and actively work to establish a secondary market for these bonds in order to improve liquidity. We will guide local governments in deciding on an appropriate amount of new bonds to issue to replace their outstanding debt based on considerations of repayment needs and market conditions, and urge them to accelerate the replacement of treasury funds generated from the issuance of bonds. At the same time, we will improve supervision, evaluation, and accountability mechanisms for local government debt. We will work to accelerate the market-based transformation and financing of financing platform companies. We will improve management of all government debt. We will strengthen oversight to prevent the illegal borrowing or guaranty of debt and increase punishment for such activities.
　　各位代表，完成2016年预算意义重大。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，自觉接受全国人大的监督，虚心听取全国政协的意见和建议，锐意进取，奋发有为，更好发挥财政职能作用，为推动经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定作出积极贡献！
　　Fellow Deputies,
　　The completion of the budgets for 2016 is of great importance. We should rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, hold aloft the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, conscientiously accept the oversight of the NPC, solicit the comments and suggestions of the CPPCC National Committee, and forge ahead with determination and hard work to better perform our fiscal duties, making a positive contribution to the promotion of sustained, sound economic development as well as social harmony and stability.

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